弱勢判斷句

　　句型［主語+seem等感覺動詞+表語］

　　1. My companion looked ashamed. "Well," he said, "you were right…"

　　2. The situation seemed quite encouraging.  3. Your sentence doesn't sound right.

　　4.  She appeared quite touched at the words.  5. It tastes sweet.

　　6.  The country seemed to be going to the dogs. War with the South or secession was vaguely looking in the distance.

　　句型［主句+as if/as though+從句（主語+虛擬式謂語）］

　　1. You spoke as if you had been here before.  2. I feel as if I were ten years younger.

　　3.  It almost seemed as if the good man were trying to teach us all he knew at this last lesson.

　　4. …his exposed throat looked as if a halter would have done it good.

　　[注] 在as if 后面可以直接跟不定式，這是一種間縮的用法，如：He opened his lips as if to say something.

　　其次，在as if后面的謂語動詞也有人用現在時的，如：It looks as if our side is (或were) going to win.

　　句型［主語+may (+not)+be+表語+虛擬式謂語）］［Perhaps等副詞+主語+謂語+其他］

　　1. It may (not) be true.  2. "This fellow" he thought, "may not be a scamp…"

　　3. What month is this?-Maybe it's July.  4. Perhaps you are right.

　　5.  Perhaps she is ill.  6. It will probably be fine tomorrow.  7. Possibly it is true.

　　句型［主語+ be+it is said,/as it were,等+表語］

　　1. she is, it is said (或they say), the best pupil in the class.

　　2. People in that village, it is said (或they say), are all kind-hearted.

　　3. He is not equal to the task, as it were.  4. He is, as it were, a walking dictionary.

　　5.  With the illiterate audience, he felt himself as it were casting pearls before swine.

　　6.  It isn't a very good suggestion, to say the least of it.

　　[注] 有兩個詞組容易與as it were混淆，就是as it is, as it was。這兩個詞組必須用在和它們的時態一致的句中。意思是"照現在的樣子"，"照當時的樣子"，但都引申譯為"事實上"，如：It is impossible to carry out the plan as it is.

　　句型［主語+ be+ said to be/so-called/, what is called,+表語］

　　1. He is said to be an excellent Chinese scholar.  2. This is said to be the finest park in shanghai.

　　3. That is so-called civilized world. That is so-called naturalism.

　　4. He is what is called, a poet. He is, what is called, a living dictionary.

　　注釋判斷句

　　句型［被說明的部分，+that is (i.e.),/that is to say,/namely (viz),/in other words+說明部分］

　　1. Mr. Green came to see me not long ago, that is, only last week.

　　2. We-that is to say, John and I-intend to resign.

　　3. Rules of grammar cannot be profitably studied in the abstract-that is to say, without examples.

　　4. He is an outstanding specialist, that is to say, he is both red and expert.

　　5. We have five senses, namely, sight, hearing, smell, taste, and touch.

　　6. A man should never be shamed to own he has been in the wrong, which is but saying, in other words, that he is wiser today than he was yesterday.

　　7. I do not know Mr. Flynn, i.e., do not know him well enough to say if he is absolutely reliable.

　　句型［被說明的部分，+to be more exact,/or more correctly,/or rather+說明部分］

　　1. Three weeks tomorrow, to be more exact (or more correctly), the 10th of May is my birthday.

　　2. This is a pillar, or more correctly, a column.   3. It is a hut or, to be more exact, a cowshed.

　　4.  His theory, or rather, hypothesis, was not unobjectionable.

　　5.  We got home late last night, or rather, early this morning.

　　正反判斷句

　　句型［主語+be+not+表語A,+ but+表語B］/［主語+be+表語B+and (或but) not+表語A］

　　1. I am very ill, not bodily, but mentally.

　　2. What I admire in Columbus is not his having discovered a world, but his having gone to search for it on the faith of an opinion.

　　3. The tragedy is not in not knowing, but in not knowing that you don't know.

　　4. The Marxist-Leninist theory is not a dogma, but a guide to action.

　　5. He is an ordinary worker, and not a cadre.

　　6. It is yours, and not mine. (=it is not mine, but yours.)

　　句型［(It is) not…that (who)…, but…that (who)…］

　　1. (It is) Not that I dislike the work, but that I have no time.

　　2. Not that we are afraid of difficulties, but that they are afraid of us.

　　3. It is not heroes that make history, but history that makes heroes, and that, consequently, it is not heroes who create people, but the people who create heroes and move history onward.

　　句型［So far from being+表語，主語+謂語+其他］

　　1. So far from being a help, he was hindrance.  2. So far from being true, the news is false.

　　3.  So far from being ashamed of it, he glories in it.

　　[注] 在一般陳述句中僅用far from也可以表示一正一反的意義, 如: Far from praising him, I must positively blame him.

　　句型［主語+seem等感覺動詞+表語，+ but+in reality/ in fact/ in essence+…］

　　1. That sounds all right, but in reality it is not.

　　2. This may seem a bad thing, but in reality it is a good thing

　　3. He looks ignorant, but in fact he is very clever.

　　4. The two things though similar in form are different in essence.

　　5. He appears to be well, but really he is rather ill.

　　6. He thinks himself as wise as Solomon, but in reality he is a complete fool.

　　[注] instead of可以用來表示正反判斷，如：We must work hard instead of spending our time idly.

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