怎樣區分半連系動詞

連系動詞多有自己的意思，但不能獨立作謂語，必須與表語(名詞、形容詞，或與之相當的詞類、短語、從句)一起構成合成謂語。最常用的連系動詞為be(是)動詞，即完全連系動詞，另外還有look, turn, feel, get, become, sound, smell, stand, go, remain等半連系動詞。無論是完全連系動詞還是半連系動詞、后面都有表語。由于半連系動詞是由實意動詞變來的，那如何分辨該動詞為實意動詞還是半連系動詞呢?這對初學英語的中學生來說會感到有點困難，我在教學中嘗試用比較法和替換法，使學生較能接受。

1.比較法

比較下列各組句子

(1) A. Please look at the blackboard.請看黑板。

B. He looked a perfect fool.他看上去是個十足的傻瓜。

(2) A. Turn to Page 16.翻到 16頁。

B. He turned traitor to his country.他背叛了祖國。

A. He felt it his duty to help others. 他認為幫助別人是自己的責任。

B. I felt very hungry after a long walk. 走了一段長路，我感到很餓。

A. Get me some ink.給我一些墨水。

B. Our motherland is getting stronger and stronger. 我們國家變得越來越強大了。

A. Such words do not become a scholar. 那樣的話不像出自學者之口。

B. Some of the land became covered with water. 一些田地覆蓋著水。

A. This black key on the piano won't sound. 這鋼琴上的黑鍵按下去不響。

B. The story sounds interesting. 這故事聽起來很有趣。

A. I am sure I smell gas.我肯定聞到了煤氣味。

B. The　flowers smell sweet.花朵散發芳香。

A. He was too weak to stand.他太虛弱，不能站立。

B. Holding the note in his hand, he stood there dumbfounded.

他拿著鈔票，站在那里，目瞪口呆。

A. He goes to school early every morning. 他每天早上很早上學。

B. They went mad.他們發狂了。

A. I remained 3 weeks in Paris. 我在巴黎逗留了三周。

B. He never remained satisfied with his success.他從不滿足于自己的成績。

2.替換法

分析以上10組句子我們不難看出B組斜體動詞均為連系動詞，因為如果我們把動詞 be(是)的適當形式替代斜體動詞，句子能夠成立，后面的成分即是表語。

(1)He was a perfect fool.

(2)He was a traitor to his country.

(3)I was very hungry after a long walk.

(4)Our motherland is stronger and stronger.

(5)Some of the land was covered with water.

(6)The story is interesting.

(7)The flowers are sweet.

(8)Holding the note in his hand, he was there dumbfounded.

(9)They were mad.

(10)He was never satisfied with his success.

反之，如果把 be(是)動詞的適當形式替代 A組斜體動詞，句子則不能成立，無法解釋，A組動詞均不為連系動詞：

*(l)Please be at the blackboard.

*(2)Be to Pagel6.

*(3)He was if his duty to help others.

*(4)Be me some ink.

*(5)Such words are not a scholar.

*(6)The black key on the piano won't be.

*(7)I am sure I am gas.

*(8)He was too weak to be.

*(9)He is to school early every morning.

*(10)I was 3 weeks in Paris.

另外半連系動詞是由實意動詞變來的。所以把含有半連系動詞的句子改為疑問句時，一定要用助動詞。

例如：1. Do they look tired?

2.Has she got ready?

3.Did it become much more expensive to travel abroad?

不論完全連系動詞或半連系動詞，它們都有時態的變化，但有些半連系動詞從形式上看像是現在進行時，實際上并不表示動作正在進行。而是表示“漸漸”的意思或表示一種感情色彩。

(1)It's getting warmer and warmer.天漸漸暖和起來了。

(2)Are you feeling better now?你現在好點了嗎?

因為半連系動詞本屬于不及物動詞，所以沒有被動語態。

如不能說：* Good medicine is tasted bitter to the mouth.應說：

Good medicine tastes bitter to the mouth.良藥苦口。

半連系動詞的教學還是個較困難的問題，但在初學階段用先比較，再替換的方法，還是能使學生掌握哪些實意動詞可充當半連系動詞，收到事半功倍的效果。

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