過去完成時

標志：had + 動詞的過去分詞

1. 表示在過去的某個時間或動作以前已經發生的動作或已經存在的狀態。如：

By the end of last week he had finished the work.

He had left when I arrived.

2. 表示從過去某一時間開始，一直延續到過去另一時間的動作或狀態。如：

We had not seen each other since I left Beijing.

The film had been on for 5 minutes when I got to the cinema.

3. 某些表意向的動詞(如intend, think, plan, expect, hope等)的過去完成時表示主語未曾實現的愿望、希望、打算。如：

I had intended to visit you last night, but someone called and I couldn’t get away.

We had hoped that you would come, but you didn’t.

4. (虛擬語氣)在條件狀體從句或wish / would rather等后面的從句中，使用過去完成時表示與過去事實相反的主觀愿望。如：

The party wouldn’t have been so perfect if you hadn’t come.

I wish I had gone with you to the concert that day.

5. 過去完成時與一般過去時

1) 基本區別：過去完成時表示以過去某時間為起點以前所發生的動作或存在的狀態，即過去完成時強調“過去的過去”，而一般過去時只表示以現在時間為起點以前所發生的事情或存在的狀態。如：

He studied there two years ago.他兩年前在那兒學習(離現在兩年)

He said he had studied there two years before.他說他兩年前在那兒學習過。(離他說話時兩年)

2) 特別注意：兩個動作如果按順序發生，又不強調先后，或者用then, and, but等連詞連接時，多用一般過去時。如：

When she saw the mouse, she screamed.

My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it.

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