狀語從句中

在時間、條件、原因、方式等狀語從句中，主、從句的動作發(fā)生有先后關系，動作在前的，要用過去完成時，動作在后的要用一般過去時。

When I got to the station, the train had already left.

After he had finished his homework, he went to bed.

注意：before, after 引導的時間狀語從句中，由于 before 和 after 本身已表達了動作的先后關系，若主、從句表示的動作緊密相連，則主、從句都用一般過去時。如：

Where did you study before you came here?

After he closed the door, he left the classroom.

( 3 )表示意向的動詞，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用過去完成時表示"原本…，未能…"

We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.

3. 根據(jù)上、下文來判定。

I met Wang Tao in the street yesterday. We hadn't seen each other since he went to Beijing.

用法

1. 過去完成時表示一個動作或狀態(tài)在過去某一時間或動作之前已經(jīng)完成或結束，即發(fā)生在“過去的過去”。

When I woke up, it had stopped raining.

我醒來時，雨已經(jīng)停了。(主句的動作發(fā)生在“過去的過去”)

2. 過去完成時是一個相對的時態(tài)，表示的是“過去的過去”，只有和過去某一時間或某一動作相比較時才使用它。

He told me that he had written a new book.

(had written 發(fā)生在 told 之前 )

3. 過去完成時需要與一個表示過去的時間狀語連用，它不能離開過去時間而獨立存在。此時多與 already ， yet ， still ， just ， before ， never 等時間副詞及 by ， before ， until 等引導的短語或從句連用。

Before she came to China, Grace had taught English in a middle school for about five years.

Peter had collected more than 300 Chinese stamps by the time he was ten.

4. 過去完成時表示某一動作或狀態(tài)在過去某時之前已經(jīng)開始，一直延續(xù)到這一過去時間，而且動作尚未結束，仍然有繼續(xù)下去的可能。

By the end of last year, he had worked in the factory for twenty years.( had worked 已有了 20 年，還有繼續(xù)進行下去的可能)

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