【知識(shí)梳理

(一)含義

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用來表示現(xiàn)在之前已發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，但其結(jié)果卻和現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系,也就是說,動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過去但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在。

e.g. Ihave lostmy wallet. (含義是：現(xiàn)在我沒有錢花了。)

Janehas laidthe table.(含義是：已可以吃飯了。)

Michaelhas beenill.(含義是：現(xiàn)在仍然很虛弱。)

He has returned from abroad. (含義是：現(xiàn)在已在此地)

(二)結(jié)構(gòu)

助動(dòng)詞have /has+動(dòng)詞過去分詞，主語為第三人稱單數(shù)用has，其他人稱用have。

(三)句型

1、肯定句：主語+have /has+動(dòng)詞過去分詞+其他。

I have studied English for 5 years.

2、否定句：主語+have /has+not +動(dòng)詞過去分詞+其他。

We haven’t been there.

3、一般疑問句：Have/Has+主語+動(dòng)詞過去分詞+其他?

Has he eaten that apple?

4、特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+ have /has +主語+動(dòng)詞過去分詞+其他?

(四)用法

1、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以用來表示發(fā)生在過去某一時(shí)刻的、持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的情況,常與for, since連用。

e.g. Mary has been illforthree days.

I have lived heresince1998.

2、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)往往同表示不確定的過去時(shí)間狀語連用,如already, yet, just, before, recently, lately等：

e.g. He hasalreadyobtained a scholarship.

I haven’t seen much of himrecently (lately).

We have seen that filmbefore.

Have they found the missing childyet?

3、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常常與表示頻度的時(shí)間狀語連用，如often, sometimes, ever, never, twice, on several occasion等：

e.g. Have youeverbeen to Beijing?

I haveneverheard Bunny say anything against her.

I have used this pen onlythree times. It is still good.

George has met that gentleman onseveraloccasions.

4、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)還往往可以同包括現(xiàn)在時(shí)間在內(nèi)的時(shí)間狀語連用，如now, up to these few days/weeks/months/years, this morning/week/month/year, now, just, today, up to present, so far等。

e.g. Peter has written six papersso far.

Man hasnowlearned to release energy from the nucleus of the atom.

There has been too much rainthis year.

The relations between us have been enhanced inthe past few years.

Up to the presenteverything has been successful.

5、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在之前就已完成的動(dòng)作,雖然其效果或影響仍然存在但已不再繼續(xù),但是有一些現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句子，在后面加上for+一段時(shí)間，則現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的動(dòng)作就表示延續(xù)性。

e.g. Thomas has studied Russian. (現(xiàn)在不再學(xué)俄語)

Thomas has studied Russianfor three years. (=Thomas began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.)

6、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)還可以用來表示過去的一個(gè)時(shí)間到現(xiàn)在這段時(shí)間內(nèi)重復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。

e.g. Wehave had four textsthis semester.

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中的時(shí)間狀語：

★already通常用于肯定句中，意為“已經(jīng)”，位于行為動(dòng)詞之前, be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞之后。有時(shí)可放在疑問句句尾，表示驚訝。例如：

We have already cleaned the classroom.

Have you finished it already?

★yet用于疑問句中表示“已經(jīng)”;用于否定句中，表示“還(沒)”。例如：

—Has he found his watch yet?他還沒找到他的表嗎?

—No, not yet. 是,還沒有。

★ever意為“曾經(jīng)”，常用于疑問句或否定句中，位于助動(dòng)詞和過去分詞之間，表示從過去到目前為止的時(shí)間。例如：

Have you ever been there?你曾經(jīng)去過那里嗎?

Nothing has ever happened here.這里未曾發(fā)生過什么事。

★never意為“(曾經(jīng))從未、沒有”,是否定副詞，在句中位于助動(dòng)詞和過去分詞之間。ever與否定詞not連用相當(dāng)于never。例如：

I haven’t ever spoken to her. = I have never spoken to her.我從未跟她講過話。

★just意為“剛剛”,用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),表示行為剛剛過去,位于助動(dòng)詞與過去分詞之間。

e.g. He has just come back from school.他剛從學(xué)校回來。

★just now意為“剛才”,表示過去某時(shí),用于一般過去時(shí),位于句首或句尾均可。e.g. He came from school just now.他剛才從學(xué)校回來。

★for和since的用法及區(qū)別。for與一段時(shí)間連用，since與時(shí)間點(diǎn)連用。

注意：since后接過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語或過去時(shí)的句子。

e.g. I have been to Shanghai twice since 1970.

I haven’t seen her since she left Shanghai.

I saw Ping Ping six years ago. Since I have never seen her.

★have/has gone to、have/has been to和have/has been in的區(qū)別。

have/ has been to 曾經(jīng)去過,人已經(jīng)回來了

have/ has been in 已經(jīng)在,常與一段時(shí)間連用

e.g. She has been to Shanghai before. 她以前曾去過上海。

She has been in Shanghai for ten years. 她在上海10年了。

Has he gone to Qingdao?他去青島了嗎?但不能說Have you gone to Qingdao?

【

The old man _________ last year. Hefor a year. (die)(動(dòng)詞填空)

2、This factory opened twenty years ago.(同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)

This factory________ _______ ________for twenty years.

3、Miss Gao left an hour ago. (同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)

Miss Gao ________ _______ ________ for an hour.

4、Her mother has been a Party member for three years .(同義句)

Her mother _______ the Party three years ________ .

5、The Green Family moved to France two years ago. (同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)

_______ two years ________ the Green family moved to France.

6、The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. (把兩個(gè)句子合并成一個(gè)句子)

___________________________________________

1.died, has been dead

2.has been opened

3.has been away

4.joined, ago

5.It is, since

6.The bus has been here for ten minutes

【

I.

1.look— 2. live— 3. stop— 4. carry—

5.hope— 6. trip— 7. call— 8. finish—

9. want— 10. are—11. go— 12. have—

13. do— 14. get— 15.come— 16. say—

II.

1. I ______ (watch) a cartoon on Saturday.

2. Her father _______ (read) a newspaper last night.

3. We _________ to zoo yesterday, we _____ to the park. (go)

4. ______ you _______ (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival?

5. ______ he _______ (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he ______.

6. Gao Shan _______ (pull) up carrots last National Day holiday.

7. I ____________ (sweep) the floor yesterday, but my mother ______.

8. What _________ she _________ (find) in the garden last morning?

She _________ (find) a beautiful butterfly.

9. It _________ (be) Ben's birthday last Friday

10. We all _________ (have) a good time last night.

11. He _________ (jump) high on last Sports Day.

12. 12. Helen _________ (milk) a cow on Friday.

13. She likes _________ newspapers, but she _________ a book yesterday. (read)

14. He _______ football now, but they _______ basketball just now. (play)

15. Jim's mother _________ (plant) trees just now.

16. _______ they ________ (sweep) the floor on Sunday? No, they _________.

17. I _______ (watch) a cartoon on Monday.

18 We ____ (go) to school on Sunday.

19. It ____ (be) the 2nd of November yesterday. Mr White ___ (go) to his office by car.

20. Gao Shan ________ (put) the book on his head a moment ago.

21. Don't ______ the house. Mum _______ it yesterday. (clean)

22. What _________ you ______ just now? I _______ some housework. (do)

23. They _________ (make) a kite a week ago.

24. I want to ______ apples. But my dad _______ all of them last month. (pick)

25. _______ he ______ the flowers this morning? Yes, he _____. (water)

26. She ____ (be) a pretty girl. Look, she _____ (do) Chinese dances.

27. The students often _________ (draw) some pictures in the art room.

28.What ______ Mike do on the farm? He ________ cows. (milk)

III.單選

1 Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _________what's happened to him .

A. knewB. have knownC. must knowD.will know

2、He has _______ been to Shanghai , has he ?

A. alreadyB.neverC.everD. Still

3、Have you met Mr Li ______?

A. justB. agoC.beforeD. a moment ago

4、The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two year

A. is writingB.was writingC.wroteD.has written

5、-Our country ______ a lot so far .

-Yes . I hope it will be even ______ .

A. has changed ; wellB. changed ; good

C. has changed ; betterD. changed ; better

BBCDC

6、Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years .

A. was ; studyingB. will ; study

C. has ; studiedD. are ; studying

7、We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl .

A. knowB. had knownC. have knownD. Knew

8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_______ it twice .

A. will seeB. have seenC. sawD.see

9、-These farmers have been to the United States .

-Really ? When _____ there ?

A. will they goB. did they go

C. do they goD. have they gone

10、-______ you ___ your homework yet ?

-Yes . I _____ it a moment ago .

A. Did ; do ; finished

B. Have ; done ; finished

C. Have ; done ; have finished

D. will ; do ; finish

CCBBB

11、His father ______ the Party since 1978 .

A. joinedB. has joined

C. was inD. has been in

12、-Do you know him well ?

- Sure .We _________ friends since ten years ago .

A. wereB. have been

C. have becomeD. have made

13、-How long have you ____ here ?

-About two months .

A. beenB. goneC. comeD. Arrived

14、Hurry up! The play __________ for ten minutes .

A. has begunB. had begunC. has been onD. Began

15、It _____ ten years since he left the army .

A. isB. hasC. willD. Was

DCACA

16、Miss Green isn't in the office . she_______ to the library .

A.has goneB. went

C.will go D. has been

17、My parents ______ Shandong for ten years .

A. have been inB. have been to

C. have gone to D. have been

18、The students have cleaned the classroom,_____ ?

A. so they B. don't they C. have theyD. haven't they

19、_____ has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he_____ to China?

A. How soon, comes B. How often, got

C. How long, came D. How far, arrived

20、His uncle for more than 9 years.

A. has come here B. has started to work

C. has lived there D. has left the university

AADCC

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