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來源：網絡資源 2023-07-12 18:12:10
中學英語中的過去完成時用法和達標練習
一、概念：過去完成時表示在過去某一時間或動作之前已經發生或完成了的動作，即"過去的過去( past-in-the-past )"。
那時以前 那時 現在
二、常搭配的時間狀語：before, by the end of last year(term, month„),etc.
三、基本結構：had +動詞的過去分詞(done).(had通用于各種人稱)
否定形式：had + not +動詞的過去分詞done.
一般疑問句：had放于句首。
例句：She said she had never been to Paris. 她說她從未去過巴黎。
When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. 警察到達時，小偷們早就跑了。
By the time he was twelve, Edison had begun to make a living by himself. 到了十二歲那年，愛迪生開始自己謀生。
四、過去完成時的判斷依據
1. 由時間狀語來判定
一般說來，各種時態都有特定的時間狀語。與過去完成時連用的時間狀語有：
( 1 )by + 過去的時間點。
如：I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night.
( 2 )by the end of + 過去的時間點。
如：We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term.
( 3 )before + 過去的時間點。
如：They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday.
2. 由"過去的過去"來判定。
過去完成時表示"過去的過去"，是指過去某一動作之前已經發生或完成的動作，即動作有先后關系，動作在前的用過去完成時，在后的用一般過去時。這種用法常出現在：
( 1 )賓語從句中
當賓語從句的主句為一般過去時，且從句的動作先于主句的動作時，從句要用過去完成時。在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動詞后的賓語從句。如：
She said that she had seen the film before.
( 2 )狀語從句中
在時間、條件、原因、方式等狀語從句中，主、從句的動作發生有先后關系，動作在前的，要用過去完成時，動作在后的要用一般過去時。如：
When I got to the station, the train had already left.
After he had finished his homework, he went to bed.
注意：before, after 引導的時間狀語從句中，由于 before 和 after 本身已表達了動作的先后關系，若主、從句表示的動作緊密相連，則主、從句都用一般過去時。如：
Where did you study before you came here?
After he closed the door, he left the classroom.
( 3 )表示意向的動詞，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用過去完成時表示"原本…，未能…"
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.
3. 根據上、下文來判定。
I met Wang Tao in the street yesterday. We hadn't seen each other since he went to Beijing.
五、過去完成時的主要用法
1.過去完成時表示一個動作或狀態在過去某一時間或動作之前已經完成或結束，即發生在"過去的過去"。如：
When I woke up, it had stopped raining.
我醒來時，雨已經停了。(主句的動作發生在"過去的過去")
2.過去完成時是一個相對的時態，表示的是"過去的過去"，只有和過去某一時間或某一動作相比較時才使用它。如：
He told me that he had written a new book. (had written 發生在 told 之前 )
3.過去完成時需要與一個表示過去的時間狀語連用，它不能離開過去時間而獨立存在。此時多與 already ， yet ， still ， just ， before ， never 等時間副詞及 by ， before ， until 等引導的短語或從句連用。
如：Before she came to China, Grace had taught English in a middle school for about five years.
Peter had collected more than 300 Chinese stamps by the time he was ten.
4.過去完成時表示某一動作或狀態在過去某時之前已經開始，一直延續到這一過去時間，而且動作尚未結束，仍然有繼續下去的可能。
By the end of last year, he had worked in the factory for twenty years.
(had worked 已有了 20 年，還有繼續進行下去的可能)
達標練習：
一、單項選擇
1.He asked me _____ during the summer holidays.
A. where I had beenB. where I had gone
C. where had I beenD. where had I gone
2. What ____ Jane ____ by the time he was sever?
A. did, doB. has,doneC did, did.D. had,done
3. I ______ 900 English words by the time I was ten。
A. learnedB. was learningC. had learnedD. learnt
4. She ______lived here for ______ years.
A. had,a fewB. has,severalC. had,a lot ofD. has,a great deal of
5. By the time my parents reached home yesterday, I _____ the dinner already.
A had cookedB. cookedC. have cookedD. was cooked
6. She said she __________ the principle already
A .has seenB. sawC. will seeD. had seen
7. She said her family _______ themselves ______ the army during the war.
A. has hidden, fromB. had hidden, from
C. has hidden, withD. had hidden, with
8. By the time he was ten years old, he _________.
A. has completed universityB. has completed the university
B. had completed an universityD. had completed university
9. She had written a number of books ______ the end of last year.
A. forB. inC. byD. at
10. He _____ to play ____ before he was 11 years old.
A had learned, pianoB. had learned, the piano
C. has learned, the pianoD. learns ,piano.
11. What _______ Annie ____ by the time he was ten?
A. did, doB. did, didC. has, doneD. had done
12 .He ___ in the factory for three years before he joined the Army.
A. has workedB. worksC. had workedD. will work
13. By the end of last week, they ____ the bridge.
A. has completedB. completedC. will completeD. had completed
14. Ben hates playing _____ violin,but he likes playing ____ football.
A. a…theB. the… theC. / …theD. the…/
15. By the time he was 4,he ______ a lot of German words.
A. had learnedB. has learnedC. learnedD. learns
16 .Jim turned off the lights and then _____ the classroom.
A. was leftB. had leftC. has leftD. left
17.They _________ in Guangzhou since 2000.
A. livedB. had livedC. have livedD. were living
18. The train from Beijing_______ ten minutes ago.
A. has arrivedB. was arrivingC. arrivedD. had arrived
19. The students _________ their classroom when the visitors arrived.
A . have cleanedB. had cleanedC. was cleanedD. have been cleaned
20. Fergie_______ the project in one hour.
A. have finishedB. will finishC. finishesD. has finished
21. The man ________ his coat and went out.
A. put onB. had put onC. will put onD. was putting on
22 My mother______ in that factory at the age of 18.
A. had workedB. has workedC. workedD. works
23. Dad ________ while he _______ TV.
A .fell asleep…watchB. was falling asleep…watched
C. fell asleep……was watchingD. had fallen asleep…watched
二、用動詞的適當形式填空
1. We _____________ (paint) the house before we ______________ (move) in.
2. That rich old man _____________ (make) a will before he _____________ (die).
3. The robbers _____________ (run away ) before the policemen _______(arrive).
4. I __________ (turn off) all the lights before I ____________ (go) to bed.
5. Paul __________ (go) out with Jane after he __________ (make)a phone call.
6. Tom __________ (say) he ___________ (read) the book twice.
7. Our plan ____________ (fail ) because we _____________ (make) a bad mistake.
8. When the chairman ____________ (finish) speaking, he __________ (leave)the hall.
9.When I ______________(arrive) at the station, he ____________________(leave).
10..We _______________(learn) about 4000 English words by the end of last term.
11. We were surprised at what she ________already ______(do)
12. He ______________(not tell) you the news yet.
13. He said he _____________already_________(give) the book to the teacher.
14. She told me she _________________(be) to Sanya three times.
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