定語從句作為中學(xué)英語語法，在學(xué)習(xí)過程中屬于較難理解與掌握的部分，也正是由于其復(fù)雜程度較高、邏輯性較強(qiáng)、理解難度很大，屢屢讓孩子們在考試中丟分?jǐn)?shù)、失信心、喪斗志!

如果你對這一部分的內(nèi)容不太熟悉的話，一定要好好看看這篇文章!

概念

定語可以由形容詞、名詞、代詞、分詞、不定式以及介詞短語等來擔(dān)任，也可以由一個(gè)句子來充當(dāng)，充當(dāng)定語功能的句子稱為定語從句。

定語從句“三要素”

1.先行詞：被定語從句所修飾的名詞或代詞

①指人的先行詞

②指物的先行詞

★先行詞還可以是前面整個(gè)句子所敘述的事情。

which

He has passed the driving test,surprises all of us. (which替代前面所敘述的事情) 先行詞

2.關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語的詞

(1)關(guān)系詞的作用

①替代前面的先行詞(替代作用)

②連接主句和定語從句(連接作用)

③在定語從句中作句子成分(成分作用)

(2)關(guān)系詞的分類

①標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：根據(jù)關(guān)系詞在從句中做的句子成分種類

②關(guān)系代詞：在從句中做 主，賓，表，定(that/which/who/whom/whose/as)

③關(guān)系副詞：在從句中作狀語(When/where/why)

3.定語從句：用來做定語，修飾限定先行詞的句子

定語從句的分類

1.限制性定語從句：對先行詞起限定修飾作用。

who

He is a teacherworks at our school.

2.非限制性定語從句：對先行詞起補(bǔ)充說明作用(先行詞與定語從句之間有逗號隔開)

which

Beijing,is the capital of China, is a beautiful city with a long history.

比較：

He has two sons, who work in the same company.

(He has only two sons.)

He has two sons who work in the same company.

(Perhaps he has two more sons)

定語從句的10個(gè)難點(diǎn)

1.關(guān)系代詞的省略(限定性定語從句)

(1)關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作賓語

She is the girl (whom / that)I loved before. (可以省略whom/that)

(2)關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作表語

He is no longer the boy (that)he used to be. (可以省略that)

(3)關(guān)系代詞作介詞賓語，介詞在從句句尾時(shí)可以省略

Housing price is a problem(that/which) people are interested in.

比較：

Housing price is a problemin whichpeople are interested.(此時(shí)只能用which且不能省略)

2.先行詞是人(that/who的區(qū)別)

(1)用that的情況

①以疑問詞who開頭的句子中

that

Who is the manis shouting there?

②關(guān)系代詞在從句中作表語時(shí)

that

She is not the girlshe used to be.

③先行詞被the very, the right, the only修飾

that

This is the very personwe are looking for.

(2)用who的情況

①先行詞是one, ones, anybody, all, none, those 等

who

Thosewant to go to the cinemawill have towait at the gate of the school.

②句子中有兩個(gè)定語從句,一個(gè)用了that,另外一個(gè)用who

that

Who is the boywon the gold medal?

③在there be 結(jié)構(gòu)中

who

There are many young menare against him.

④在非限定性定語從句當(dāng)中

who

Tom,is my best friend,has gone abroad to study.

3.先行詞是物(that / which的區(qū)別)

(1)用which的情況

①在非限定性定語從句中

which

She lost the game,depressed her greatly.

②關(guān)系詞置于介詞之后，作賓語

with which

The penyou writeis Jack’s.

③先行詞是that或定語從句中套定語從句,一個(gè)關(guān)系詞用that,另一個(gè)用which.

that

Let me show you the novelI borrowed from the libraryis newly open to us.

(2)用that的情況

①先行詞是不定代詞如all, little, few, much,anything, everything, nothing, none, no one等

that

She did allshe couldto help us.

②先行詞被all, every, no, some, little, much, the only, he very, the right，the last等所修飾時(shí)

that

This is the very bookI want.

③先行詞中既有人又有物時(shí)

that

She described in her compositions the people andhe placesimpressed her most.

④先行詞前有序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾時(shí)

that

This is the best bookI have ever read.

that

This is the first filmI’ve seensince I came here.

⑤定語從句中套定語從句，其中一個(gè)關(guān)系詞以用which, 另外一個(gè)用that

which

He built a factoryproduced thingshad never been seen before.

⑥當(dāng)主句的主語是疑問詞which,另一個(gè)用that

that

Who is the personis standing at the gate?

4.As引導(dǎo)定語從句用法

(1)As 既可以引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句也可以用于非限定性定句中充當(dāng)主語，賓語，表語等。

常用于以下句型當(dāng)中：Such/so….. as…. 像…..一樣 the same …. as… 和…...同樣的

so

A computer isuseful a machinewe can use everyday.

the same

He is notmanhe was.

(2)引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，此時(shí)譯為“正如，像”等。可以放在句首，句中或句末。

As I remember, there were a net bar here.

Taiwan is an inseparable part of China, as is known to all.

★the same as...和the same that...引導(dǎo)定語從句的區(qū)別

the same

This isbikeI lost yesterday.(同一事物)

the same

This isbikeI lost yesterday. (同類事物)

5.關(guān)系副詞的運(yùn)用

(1)When 在定語從句中做時(shí)間狀語，先行詞為表示時(shí)間的time, day等

when

I still remember the dayI first came to Beijing. (when=on which)

(2)Where 在定語從句中做地點(diǎn)狀語，先行詞為表地點(diǎn)的place, spot等

where

Can you tell me the officehe works?

(where = in which)

(3)Why 在定語從句中做原因狀語，先行詞只有reason.

why

I don’t want to listen to any reasonyou were absent.

(why = for which)

★ 關(guān)系副詞 = 相應(yīng)的介詞 + 關(guān)系代詞

★ Where引導(dǎo)的定語從句還可以修飾抽象空間的名詞如case(情形)，situation, position(位置),stage (階段)，point(地步)等

where

What are the situationsbody languageis the only form of communication?

在哪些情況下身體語言是唯一的溝通方式。(此時(shí)where = in which)

6.幾個(gè)特殊的先行詞

(1)way在定語從句中做狀語時(shí)的三種引導(dǎo)方式 that / in which / 不填

in which / that / 不填

The wayhe explains the sentence to us is quite simple.

比較：The way which /that/不填 he told to us was quite simple.

★way在定語中作tell的賓語

(2)先行詞time

time表示“次數(shù)”時(shí)，用關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)定語從句

that

This is the first timethe president has visited the country.

time作“一段時(shí)間” 講時(shí)，應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞when

when

This was the timethere were no radios, no telephones or no TV sets

★此時(shí)when = during which 在..期間

(3)先行詞reason當(dāng)在定語從句中作狀語時(shí)，定語從句的4種引導(dǎo)方式 why/for which/that/不填

why/for which/that/不填

This is the reasonhe can not come here.

比較：Is this the reason that/which/不填he explained to us for his absence from the conference.

★reason 在定語從句中做explain的賓語

7.介詞+關(guān)系代詞

★該結(jié)構(gòu)的關(guān)系代詞只有兩種即 介詞+which(指物) 介詞+whom(指人)

★該結(jié)構(gòu)介詞的選用原則：

(1)根據(jù)定語從句中謂語動詞的習(xí)慣搭配

on which

This is the bookI spent $ 8.

for which

This is the bookI paid $ 8.

(2)根據(jù)先行詞的搭配習(xí)慣

during which

I remember the daysI lived there.

on which

I remember the dayI graduated from university.

(3)根據(jù)整個(gè)句子所表達(dá)的意思來決定

without which

The colorless gaswe can’t live is called oxygen.

(4)英語中為了強(qiáng)調(diào)某一名詞，不定式前面也可以加上關(guān)系代詞。

Here is the money with whichto buy the piano.

She is the right person on whom to depend

注意：

①如果介詞后移，關(guān)系代詞可以省略

The person (whom/who/that) you will write to is Todd.

②有些含有介詞的動詞短語介詞不能提前如look for/after; take care of; send for; hear from/of/about deal with等

This is the baby that you will look after.

8.定語從句的主謂一致

(1)當(dāng)先行詞是 one of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞，定語從句的位于動詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式

that

The Great Wall is one of the world-famous buildingsdraw lots of visitorevery year.

(2)當(dāng)先行詞是 the only + one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞，從句謂語用單數(shù)形式

that

The Great Wall is the only one of the buildings on the earthis seen from themoon.

(3)先行詞如果是整個(gè)句子，定語從句的謂語動詞用單數(shù)

as

Great changes have taken place in China,is known to all.

which

He has passed the driving test,surprises all of us.

9.定語從句的轉(zhuǎn)化

定語從句可以轉(zhuǎn)換為 –ing或-ed形式

The girl(who is) dancing nowjust returned from Taiwan.

I love the stories(which were) written by Hemingway.

The man(who stands) standing thereis my friend.

10.定語從句的解題方法

(1)判斷從句是否為定語從句 (先行詞，關(guān)系詞，定語從句)

(2)準(zhǔn)確判斷先行詞在定語從句中的成分(主、賓、表、定、狀)從而正確選定使用關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞。

注意：

①關(guān)系代詞whose的用法。Whose在定語從句中做定語。

當(dāng)先行詞是人：whose = the + 名詞 + of whom

當(dāng)先行詞是物：whose = the + 名詞 + of which

Do you know the boy whose parents / the parents of whom are on holiday?

I’d like a room whose window / the window of which faces the sea.

②That引導(dǎo)定語從句，名詞性從句 和 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的區(qū)別:

定語從句中的that: 關(guān)系代詞，在后面的定語從句中做句子成分。

名詞性從句中的that：從屬連詞，只起連接主從句的作用，在從句中不做句子成分。

強(qiáng)調(diào)句中的that, 運(yùn)用于it is/was…that..結(jié)構(gòu);判斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：去掉強(qiáng)調(diào)句型結(jié)構(gòu)，成分仍然完整。

比較：

This is the book that I am looking for.

(that 引導(dǎo)定語從句)

It is at Bashu middle school that I have studied for three years.

(that和前面的it is構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)句型)

The fact that he stole the moneysurprised all of us.

(that 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句--同位語從句)

That he will come to the conferencehas excited all of us.

(that引導(dǎo)名詞性從句--主語從句)

We all expect that they win, for members of their team are stronger.

(that引導(dǎo)名詞性從句--賓語從句)

The reason for your failure isthat you lack confidence in yourself.

(that 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句--表語從句)

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