賓語從句是英語主從復(fù)合句中最常見的從句之一，也是考試必考的內(nèi)容之一，賓語從句的用法一直是學(xué)習(xí)的重點、難點。

中考對賓語從句的考查主要集中在三點：

1）引導(dǎo)賓語從句的連詞和代詞選擇；

2）賓語從句的語序；

3）賓語從句的時態(tài)。

及要了解賓語從句的簡化。

賓語從句，說它難吧，挺容易;說它容易吧，卻總會有疏忽的地方，接下來我們一起來梳理一下吧!

賓語從句

在及物動詞、介詞、動詞不定式、動名詞的后面可以接一個名詞來充當(dāng)賓語，

如：I know the man.

而這時也可以用一個句子來充當(dāng)賓語

如：I know that the man is a policeman. 主句 引導(dǎo)詞 從句

賓語從句：屬于名詞性從句。在復(fù)合句中作主句謂語動詞、介詞或某些形容詞的賓語。

賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞

引導(dǎo)賓語從句的不同連詞

根據(jù)，賓語從句可分為三類。

1. 由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。

That只有語法作用，沒有實在的意義，在口語和非正式文體中可以省略。

例如：

He said (that) he wanted to stay at home.

She doesn’t know (that) she is seriously ill.

I am sure (that) he will succeed.

以下動詞后面經(jīng)常跟that賓語從句:

say, think, suppose, suggest, know, see, understand

等

引導(dǎo)詞that不能省略的情況

①當(dāng)賓語從句的主語是that時;

②當(dāng)賓語從句含有主從復(fù)合句時;

③當(dāng)兩個或者多個賓語從句由并列連詞連接時，除第一個從句的that可以省略，其余從句的that都不可以省略。

2. 由連接代詞who, whom, whose, what, which和連接副詞when, where, why, how引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。這些連接代詞和連接副詞在賓語從句中充當(dāng)某個成分。

例如：

Do you know who (whom) they are waiting foe?

He asked whose handwriting was the best.

Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is?

I don’t know why the train is late.

注：

①where， when， why， how等連接副詞在從句中作狀語

E.g：

Do you know where she lives?

你知道她住在那里嗎?

②who，which， what等連接代詞在從句中做主語，賓語或定語等。

E.g：

Can you tell me what she is doing?

你能告訴我她正在干什么嗎?

3. 由if或whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”，不做任何成分，但是不能省略。

例如：

I want to know if (whether) he lives there.

He asked me whether (if) I could help him.

只能用whether不用if 的三種情況：

一般情況下，if 和whether可以互換，但以下3種情況只能用whether：

①與or not連用：

He asked me whether or not I was coming.

他問我是否會來。

②在介詞之后：

It depends on whether it is going to rain.

取決于是否下雨。

③在不定式之前：

We haven’t decided whether to go there.

我們還沒有決定去哪兒。

賓語從句的語序

賓語從句的語序應(yīng)為陳述句的語序。

例如：

I hear (that) physics isn’t easy.

I think (that) you will like this school soon.

Can you tell me how I can get to zoo?

Please tell me when we’ll have the meeting.

(2014天津)37.--- Could you tell me_____ yuanxiao in china?

--- Usually at Lantern Festival.

A.when do people eat

B.how do people eat

C.when people eat

D.how people eat

答案選C

答案解析：由答句“總是在元宵節(jié)”可知是對時間提問，因此首先排除BD，從句做tell的賓語，因此是考察賓語從句，賓語從句應(yīng)該用陳述句語序，因此排除A。.句意：你能告訴我在中國什么時候吃元宵嗎?總是在元宵節(jié)。

注：否定轉(zhuǎn)移

think, guess, suppose, believe 等且主語為第一人稱

當(dāng)主句的謂語動詞為時，，一般將否定詞 not轉(zhuǎn)移到主句的謂語中，這就叫作“否定轉(zhuǎn)移”。

如：

I don't think he will come this evening.

我認為他今晚不會來。

動詞為非一般現(xiàn)在時或主語不是第一人稱時，否定不轉(zhuǎn)移。

如：

I thought that he wouldn’t come back soon.

我原以為他不會回來得這么快。

賓語從句的時態(tài)

1）如果主句的時態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時，賓語從句的時態(tài)根據(jù)具體情況來確定。

I don’t think (that) you are right.

Please tell us where we’ll go fishing tomorrow.

Do you know when Mr. Smith moved here?

2） 如果主句的時態(tài)是一般過去時，賓語從句只能用過去的某一時態(tài)（一般過去時， 過去進行時， 過去將來時，過去完成時）

。

例如：

He told me that he was born in Beijing in 1992.

He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon.

3）從句說明的是一般真理、客觀事實、自然現(xiàn)象、名言時，要用現(xiàn)在時。

Dad told us that it is better to do than to say.

He told the boy that three and three is six.

Could you tell me where the bookshop is.

4）從句中有具體時間狀語，即使從句動作發(fā)生在主句動作前，仍然用一般過去時。

The teacher told me she was born in 1960.

(2012天津)43.—Can you tell me ________?

— With Lucy’s help.

A.when you did it so well

B. when did you do it so well

C. how you did it so well

D. how did you do it so well

選C

答案解析：，考察賓語從句。由答句“在露西的幫助下”可知是對方式提問，因此首先排除AB，從句做tell的賓語，因此是考察賓語從句，賓語從句應(yīng)該用陳述句語序，因此排除D。答案選C.句意：你能告訴我你怎么做的這么好嗎?有露西的幫助。

賓語從句的簡化

簡化賓語從句常用六法：

不定式結(jié)構(gòu)

1. 當(dāng)主句謂語動詞是hope， decide， wish， choose， agree， promise等，且賓語從句的主語與主句主語一致時，賓語從句可簡化為。

例如：

Li Ming hopes he will be back very soon.

→Li Ming hopes to be back very soon.

We decided that we would help him.

→We decided to help him.

“疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)

2. 當(dāng)主句謂語動詞是know， learn， remember， forget， tell等動詞，且主句主語與從句主語一致時，賓語從句可簡化為。

例如：

She has forgotten how she can open the window.

→She has forgotten how to open the window.

“疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)

注：當(dāng)主句謂語動詞是tell， ask， show， teach等動詞，且后帶雙賓語，從句主語和間接賓語一致時，賓語從句可簡化為。

例如：

Could you tell me how I can get to the station?

→Could you tell me how to get to the station?

“名詞（代詞）+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)

3. 當(dāng)主句的謂語動詞是order(命令)，require(需要)等時，如果主句和從句的主語不一致，賓語從句可簡化為。

例如：

The headmaster ordered that we should start at once.

→ The headmaster ordered us to start at once.

介詞加動名詞（短語）等其他形式簡化

4. 某些動詞后的賓語從句，可以用。

例如：

He insisted that he should go with us.

→He insisted on going with us.

The poor boy doesn’t know when and where he was born.

→The poor boy doesn’t know the time and the place of his birth.

“賓語+V-ing形式（作賓語補足語）”結(jié)構(gòu)

5. 某些動詞后面的賓語從句可轉(zhuǎn)化為。

例如：

Liu Ping found that there was a wallet lying on the ground.

→ Liu Ping found a wallet lying on the ground.

不定式（短語）來簡化，但句型需要進行適當(dāng)?shù)淖兓��?/strong>